Modern World Research Articles

Language Learning Through AI Technology - LLA (Language Learning Apps)

Learning is the soul of life. Every living being learns new things each and every day. Especially Language learning is a vital role from past to present generation. The modern world needs a skilled and more efficient people for handling different situations. Innovation was the only slogan for language experts.AI technology opens new window for those who are aspiring and developing language learning. Sounds and signs are the basic elements for language components. In the past, language learning was purely transmitted through oral method. After the peak of technological advancement teaching and learning perspective completely changed. The modern world drifted for AI technology enhances and redefined. English language learning scenes in new approaches Like Dulingo, Babbel, Memrise etc. If one is interested in enhancing language proficiency these apps really help and make a great difference in the teaching and learning process.

Archival Challenges for the Van Nelle Factory

Marking the anniversary of the redevelopment of the Van Nelle Factory in Rotterdam, the related project archive was formally transferred to the Rotterdam City Archive in order to enable proper archival conservation and public accessibility of this essential documentation. This article sheds light on the documentation and redevelopment process of a modern World Heritage (WH) site and on the role of archives as an example for other protected heritage projects or sites.

(Un)known dimensions of remote education. Childhood in the shadow of the pandemic

The academic discourse concerning the child and childhood has evolved over the years from treating children as “little adults” to approaching the child as a being who needs to be cared for and protected from the hardships of life—to a perception of the child as a “person at the stage of formation”: one requiring care and favourable conditions for proper development. The pandemic and the need to move pupils' school functioning to the online mode turned out to be a truly special and (so far) unknown situation. Protecting childhood during the pandemic has not only become a necessity of the moment but still remains an important challenge for teachers/parents—mainly in terms of its effects on the emotional and social functioning of children and adolescents. Drawing on my teaching experience and selected research findings, I would like to examine the problems of remote education more closely. The long-term social and even economic effects of school closings will surely be felt for years to come. Therefore, the question is legitimate: How do we face the reality of new challenges and threats? Above all, how can we protect childhood in such difficult circumstances?How can we minimise these actual and anticipated adverse effects – first and foremost concerning children – but also their parents and teachers? The conclusions – constituting the analyses' results – shed light on the complex problems associated with remote education.However, the primary task is to protect the child from the negative challenges of the modern world and treat childhood as an important biographical experience—a foundation on which they can safely grow their own lives.

Blockchained Federated Learning for Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Survey

The demand for intelligent industries and smart services based on big data is rising rapidly with the increasing digitization and intelligence of the modern world. This survey comprehensively reviews Blockchained Federated Learning (BlockFL) that joins the benefits of both Blockchain and Federated Learning to provide a secure and efficient solution for the demand. We compare the existing BlockFL models in four Internet-of-Things (IoT) application scenarios: Personal IoT (PIoT), Industrial IoT (IIoT), Internet of Vehicles (IoV), and Internet of Health Things (IoHT), with a focus on security and privacy, trust and reliability, efficiency, and data diversity. Our analysis shows that the features of decentralization and transparency make BlockFL a secure and effective solution for distributed model training, while the overhead and compatibility still need further study. It also reveals the unique challenges of each domain presents unique challenges, e.g., the requirement of accommodating dynamic environments in IoV and the high demands of identity and permission management in IoHT, in addition to some common challenges identified, such as privacy, resource constraints, and data heterogeneity. Furthermore, we examine the existing technologies that can benefit BlockFL, thereby helping researchers and practitioners to make informed decisions about the selection and development of BlockFL for various IoT application scenarios.

Air Pollution as a Problem of the Modern World

Research relevance: the development of diseases and pathological conditions caused by air pollution depends on the types of pollutants, their physical and chemical characteristics, while air pollution increases the incidence of respiratory diseases. Research objectives: to develop a scheme for the pathogenesis of the development of immunological disorders in the body of people living in conditions of exposure to atmospheric air pollutants, to conduct a statistical analysis of factors influencing the development of allergic rhinitis and the development of bronchial asthma. Research materials and methods: a study of the characteristics of atmospheric air was carried out in three places in Kyrgyzstan: in the area of ​​the village Papan, near the village Gulbar, and Aravan district and near the Osh city. The study was an open, prospective, non-interventional, observational study in parallel groups. The study participants included residents of three regions of the Kyrgyz Republic, depending on the degree of air pollution. Research results: the data obtained indicated that people living in different regions of the Kyrgyz Republic with varying degrees of atmospheric pollution exhibit significant differences in indicators indicating pathology of the upper respiratory tract and allergization of the body. Conclusions: The harmful effects of air pollution and climate change on human health can be largely prevented through the timely adoption of the necessary legislation.

Pull Tab Archaeology

The Pull Tab Archaeology project (PTA project) was launched in 2018, with the aim of diving straight into the creative, communication-oriented and fluid archaeological experiences of the life world, and of breaking some implicit rules of formal (Dutch) archaeology in the process. As narrowly defined, the project comprises the study of beverage can pull tabs. However, it also has broader significance due to its focus on archaeology as a craft, on archaeological experiences and on Do-It-Yourself (DIY) culture. The project emerged out of Dutch conflict archaeology in cultural resource management, and involved a world-spanning social-media citizen-science project. Over 4700 pull tabs from 37 countries were recorded, and c. 100 pull tab types – or “species” – were found. Drawing on the work of David Gauntlett, the article proposes that experiential DIY archaeological craft creates social capital and can be a modest remedy for our late modern world, which is afflicted by alienation from its environment and by solastalgia. The article proposes that archaeology as a tool for reconnecting is of greater importance for current society than our traditional focus on knowledge production for cultural histories and the vulnerability of heritage.

Ideas of education as basic guidelines for ensuring quality of life in modern conditions

   In the modern world, education is of great importance, since it is the main source of social progress. Changing technologies in the socio-economic sphere directly affect the transformation of the education sector throughout the world. The presented article is theoretical in nature and is devotedto the scientific problem of the transformation of education in modern sociocultural conditions.   The purpose of the research is to reveal the directions of transformation of education as basic guidelines for its quality in modern conditions.   The research methods used are analysis, theoretical generalization, forecasting.   The results of the research. The definition of “quality of education” has been revealed and the vectors of its development determined; the reasons that caused a serious transformation of the education sector in the world and in Russia have been argued. The drivers that determined the transformation of the educational institution at the present stage have been systematized.   Key conclusions: the quality of education is understood as a characteristic of the education system, reflecting the degree of compliance of the actual achieved educational results with regulatory requirements, social and personal expectations; the reasons facilitating the transformation of the education sector at present are: growing globalization, general digitalization, robotization, etc.; The leading drivers determining the development of education include: external, industrial and internal ones.

Strategic Priorities for the Development of Food Security of the State Taking into Account Hybrid Threats and Challenges

Relevance. Food security is one of the most urgent and complex problems of the modern world. In the context of globalization, climate change, economic fluctuations and other factors, ensuring the stability and reliability of food security is becoming a complex task that requires effective strategies.The purpose is to analyze and evaluate strategic priorities in the field of food security, taking into account complex hybrid threats and challenges. Objectives: identification of strategic alternatives; development of a mathematical model with fuzzy variables and rules for evaluating strategic alternatives; analysis of evaluation results to identify the most effective strategic directions.Methodology. The research methodology included the use of fuzzy logic methods to build a mathematical model for evaluating strategic alternatives.Results. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the strategic alternative S1 received the highest rating, emphasizing its key importance for the sustainability of the food system. Alternatives S7, S9, S4 and S3 also have high ratings, which makes them potentially effective for ensuring food security. Alternatives S10, S8, S2, S6 and S5 are less of a priority, but are important for reducing various risks associated with food security, such as lack of food and vulnerability of supplies.Conclusions. The results of the study allowed us to conclude that the use of the fuzzy logic tool provides an opportunity to conduct a deeper and more comprehensive analysis of complex factors affecting food security. This approach allows us to take into account the uncertainty and multidimensionality of data related to the food system and introduce more accurate modeling of this dynamic area. Such a method enriches the decision-making process in the field of food security, contributing to the development of more effective strategic decisions and management approaches that take into account a variety of factors and their interaction. This contributes to improving the quality of research and helps to form more rational and informed strategies that contribute to ensuring the stability and reliability of food security.

Data-Driven Inline Leak Detection for Pipelines Using Flow-Induced Acoustics Analysis

Fluid and water distribution networks are essential to the modern world. However, these systems are prone to leaks, which can lead to significant water loss, damage to infrastructure, and environmental pollution. The proposed solution makes use of Acoustic Emission sensors placed in discrete locations in the pipeline which measures the sound in the pipeline caused by the flow of fluids. Computation models are used to deduce the location from the input provided by the sensors. In case of leak, the leak is localized through cross correlation and TDOA methods. This solution is particularly developed for water distribution pipelines. Keyword: Acoustic data analysis, Data-driven models, Cross-Correlation, Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA)

Idiopathic aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in children who are professionally engaged in gymnastics: A literature review

BACKGROUND: Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in school-age children is a severe, rapidly progressive degenerative and dystrophic disease. A significant proportion of girls aged 10 years with osteonecrosis of the femoral head have been professionally engaged in rhythmic gymnastics. The relationship between professional sports, in particular rhythmic gymnastics, and the development of this pathology and the mechanism of impaired blood flow in the femoral head in such cases remains unclear. The severity of the course and serious consequences of this disease in the form of multidimensional deformities of the femoral head, early arthrosis of the hip joint, and persistent disability, require close attention.
 AIM: To analyze modern world literature data on the etiology, pathomechanics, and features of the course and treatment of idiopathic aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in children professionally engaged in rhythmic gymnastics.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search on the problem of idiopathic aseptic necrosis of the femoral head in children professionally engaged in rhythmic gymnastics in the open information databases was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, and Library with an analysis depth of 20 years.
 RESULTS: The analysis of publications on the osteonecrosis of the femoral head allowed us to talk about the etiological connection of this condition with professional rhythmic gymnastics, namely, high-intensity repetitive loads on the hip joint of a child. Studies using in vivo laser Doppler flowmetry and 3D computer modeling prove the occlusion of blood vessel branches encircling the femur under excessive mechanical stress on the femoral head and potentially unfavorable positions in the hip joint – overextension (hyperextension), external rotation, and abduction.
 CONCLUSIONS: Professional gymnastics can be a risk factor for the development of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Frequent late disease diagnoses with the development of severe deformity of the femoral head and end-stage coxarthrosis requiring total hip replacement in adolescents determine the need for early identification of the causes of hip pain in children engaged in gymnastics. The findings will help improve treatment results and reduce the number of organ replacement interventions.

Can a mathematical model describe the main problems of the modern world?

This article focuses on the transformation of current global problems into mathematical data and the drawing of conclusions from the results. After a theoretical introduction that clarifies the philosophy of the above approach and provides an innovative description of the mathematical model concept, a method for describing and analyzing crises is presented, with the goal of measuring its influence on the observable system, whether at the EU, global, or other levels. Converting social issues into quantitative data provides a systematic assessment of the severity of crises and allows for comparisons across different crises and systems. The main conclusion of the article is that a mathematical model, such as the one introduced here, could, to some extent, describe, as a first approach, global problems and their interrelationship, and thus be useful to policy makers.

Evaluation of the Epstein–Barr virus occurrence at the present stage (literature review)

The purpose of this article is to review and analyze the foreign and domestic scientific papers to assess the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) occurrence in the human population. 
 A search of Russian and foreign publications in the PubMed and E-library databases was conducted. The high ecological and medical significance 
 of EBV-infection is due to its global spread in the human population, lifelong persistence of EBV in the human body. Evidence has been collected EBV to be involved in the development of various somatic pathologies, such as rheumatic diseases and vasculitis, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular pathologies, pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, T- and B-cell lymphomas in children and adults, nasopharyngeal carcinoma. These diseases are the main causes of population disability and premature death not only in Russia, but also in the World. The deterioration of the ecological and epidemic situation for 
 EBV-infection is associated with the other infectants spread that change the population immunological status. These include the human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B and C viruses, SARS-CoV-2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. With the simultaneous persistence of these infectants, their synergistic or antagonistic effect on the human body occurs. In the modern World, the COVID-19 and the EBV-infection are simultaneously developing. It is difficult to say which infection is more significant in terms of medical, social. and economic losses of the human population. The EBV has been undeservedly given little attention. 
 It is necessary to optimize preventive measures and epidemic surveillance for EBV-infection.

Парадоксы доброты в контексте просоциального поведения: анализ современных концепций

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective. </strong>Analysis of the modern concepts of kindness as a moral and ethical construct and a predictor of prosocial human behavior, to identify paradoxes of kindness, indicating the multidimensionality and multidirectionality of the content of kindness, the ambivalence of the consequences of manifestation and the ambiguity of interpretation by the subjects of interaction. <br><strong>Background. </strong>In the modern information technology world, the problem of preserving the human in man and his moral cultural code is clearly identified, which is clearly intensifying in an era of uncertainty, instability and global risks. Kindness as a virtue and value, a personal quality and one of the predictors of prosocial behavior, having an interdisciplinary status, is studied in sufficient detail by various researchers, but not all of their results are presented in the domestic literature, and therefore their consolidation and clarification of the “kindness” construct in within the framework of social psychology. <br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Main conclusions. The concept of “kindness” is clarified as an ethical construct of the individual and a predictor of prosocial behavior, as well as a social norm that regulates interpersonal interactions, strengthens trust and ensures social connections. “Paradoxes” of kindness have been identified, containing multidirectional psychological orientations – care for the Other and care for oneself, ambivalent consequences of showing kindness and its ambiguous interpretation by the subjects of interaction. The prospects for empirical research aimed at studying subjective ideas about kindness, diagnosing its modes, and identifying socio-psychological mediators and moderators are identified.</p>

An Orient of One’s Own: Music and Islamic Modernism in the Late Ottoman Empire

Abstract During the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Muslim intellectuals sought to articulate new forms of Islamic thought and practice that would be suitable for the modern world. Islamic modernist movements drew on concepts of civilization, progress and science that were integral to European imperialism while also constituting a critical response to the latter. In this essay, I examine the views of prominent Ottoman Muslim reformists concerning music, and situate them within a transnational debate about Islam and modernity. While the views of earlier reformers were shaped by Eurocentric notions of musical progress, an oppositional discourse emerged at the end of the nineteenth century. This discourse, associated especially with Rauf Yekta (1871–1935), appropriated the idea of ‘the Orient’ in order to establish a pan-Islamic narrative of music history, which also emphasized the scientific aspects of Islamicate music theory. In the final part of the essay, I discuss how debates about musical reform were related to the political dynamics of the late Ottoman Empire, particularly in terms of religious and ethnic identity. In conclusion, I argue that the discursive categories of the late nineteenth century continue to underly music historiographies both in the West and in other places, precisely as a consequence of the global connections that emerged during this period. In order to write more ‘global’ histories of music, it is therefore necessary to move beyond the analysis of Western colonialist representations by engaging more closely with non-European sources and discourses, which reveal more entangled and ambivalent stories about music, empire and modernity.

Hybrid Study of Quantitative–Qualitative Analysis to Recognize the Most Cost-Effectiveness Criteria to Develop Affordable Mass Housing

Nowadays, providing housing for the low-income groups of society is a concern for governments, especially in developing nations. An attempt has been made to recognize the most significant real criteria for reducing housing project costs and providing affordable housing for them by studying previous research and analyzing the collected information. First, the resources compiled in the field of affordable housing were reviewed, and data were gathered. Next, qualitative and quantitative questionnaires were provided, and the experts’ answers were analyzed in three steps (Delphi technique, AHP techniques, and case studies). By analyzing the findings, it was concluded that the current approaches in housing planning need to be revised to achieve the government’s goals and policies. Therefore, the physical indicators and patterns of vernacular and traditional houses in different climatic regions should be known and changed in the next step according to the needs of the modern world. The adaptation of today’s architecture from the vernacular architectural features of the past is one of the important things that should be considered. In this research, the consideration of housing preparation for low-income groups and reducing housing project costs, by identifying the most important effective criteria mentioned in other previous studies, is the novel contribution of this research.

Ion transporter cascade, reactive astrogliosis and cerebrovascular diseases

Cerebrovascular diseases and their sequalae, such as ischemic stroke, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and vascular dementia are significant contributors to adult disability and cognitive impairment in the modern world. Astrocytes are an integral part of the neurovascular unit in the CNS and play a pivotal role in CNS homeostasis, including ionic and pH balance, neurotransmission, cerebral blood flow, and metabolism. Astrocytes respond to cerebral insults, inflammation, and diseases through unique molecular, morphological, and functional changes, collectively known as reactive astrogliosis. The function of reactive astrocytes has been a subject of debate. Initially, astrocytes were thought to primarily play a supportive role in maintaining the structure and function of the nervous system. However, recent studies suggest that reactive astrocytes may have both beneficial and detrimental effects. For example, in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, reactive astrocytes can cause oligodendrocyte death and demyelination. In this review, we will summarize the (1) roles of ion transporter cascade in reactive astrogliosis, (2) role of reactive astrocytes in vascular dementia and related dementias, and (3) potential therapeutic approaches for dementing disorders targeting reactive astrocytes. Understanding the relationship between ion transporter cascade, reactive astrogliosis, and cerebrovascular diseases may reveal mechanisms and targets for the development of therapies for brain diseases associated with reactive astrogliosis.

Legal Regulation of Parallel Import in the States of the Eurasian Region

The article is devoted to the problem of regulating parallel imports in the countries of the Eurasian region, which is significant in the conditions of the modern world economy. The relevance of this issue is related to the economic sanctions applied to such states of the Eurasian region as the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. The legal regulation of issues of protection of intellectual property rights in Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, China, and Azerbaijan is analyzed. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the practice of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, as well as legal acts regulating the rights of both copyright holders and importers and consumers, who are subject to the consequences of certain decisions of copyright holders who do not consent to the import of goods into different states.Aim. Research of the legal regulation of the institution of parallel imports in the states of the Eurasian region in the context of economic sanctions.Tasks. Analysis of regulations governing the protection of intellectual property rights in the states of the Eurasian region, research of the main directions of parallel imports in the states of the Eurasian region, as well as identification of the main legal problems associated with the legalization of parallel imports in the region.Methods. Comparative legal and cross-temporal analysis of international and national regulations in the field of antitrust, copyright and customs law, as well as the study and analysis of general scientific literature and the formation of one’s own conclusions during the research.Results. As a rule, the states of the Eurasian region have established the national principle of exhaustion of rights to a trademark, and the international principle is used as an exception for certain groups of goods. The legalization of parallel imports raises several formal questions about the compliance of permission to import without the consent of the copyright holder with the international obligations of various states.Conclusions. In connection with the introduction of economic sanctions against some states of the Eurasian region, parallel imports are an effective mechanism for protecting the domestic market from abuses by copyright holders who unreasonably deny importers the right to distribute goods. Also, one of the methods to neutralize the consequences of sanctions regulation is to use the markets of other countries in the Eurasian region, which do not directly prohibit parallel imports.

Exploring the substrate spectrum of phylogenetically distinct bacterial polyesterases.

The rapid escalation of plastic waste accumulation presents a significant threat of the modern world, demanding an immediate solution. Over the last years, utilization of the enzymatic machinery of various microorganisms has emerged as an environmentally friendly asset in tackling this pressing global challenge. Thus, various hydrolases have been demonstrated to effectively degrade polyesters. Plastic waste streams often consist of a variety of different polyesters, as impurities, mainly due to wrong disposal practices, rendering recycling process challenging. The elucidation of the selective degradation of polyesters by hydrolases could offer a proper solution to this problem, enhancing the recyclability performance. Towards this, our study focused on the investigation of four bacterial polyesterases, including DaPUase, IsPETase, PfPHOase, and Se1JFR, a novel PETase-like lipase. The enzymes, which were biochemically characterized and structurally analyzed, demonstrated degradation ability of synthetic plastics. While a consistent pattern of polyesters' degradation was observed across all enzymes, Se1JFR stood out in the degradation of PBS, PLA, and polyether PU. Additionally, it exhibited comparable results to IsPETase, a benchmark mesophilic PETase, in the degradation of PCL and semi-crystalline PET. Our results point out the wide substrate spectrum of bacterial hydrolases and underscore the significant potential of PETase-like enzymes in polyesters degradation.

Niobium‐Doped Bismuth Titanate‐Loaded PVDF‐HFP Flexible Composite Films for Self‐Powered Stair Sensing and Emergency Alert Applications via Hybrid Mechanical Energy Harvesters

AbstractWith the rise of demand for smart wearable and flexible electronic devices in the modern world, high‐performance hybrid mechanical energy harvesters (HMEHs), which can easily convert biomechanical energy into electricity for powering a variety of portable electronic gadgets and operating smart sensors, have gained extensive interest. Herein, propose piezo/ferroelectric and dielectric niobium (Nb)‐doped bismuth titanate (Bi4Ti3‐xNbxO12, NBTO) plates, are proposed and synthesized by a molten‐salt synthesis technique, and they are further embedded into the poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) (NBTO/PVDF‐HFP) flexible composite film (CF) to construct a flexible HMEH. The prepared NBTO/PVDF‐HFP CFs reveal good piezo/ferroelectricity, β‐phase fraction, and dielectric properties, which can improve the electrical output performance of the HMEH. The 2 wt.% NBTO/PVDF‐HFP CF‐based HMEH exhibits high and stable electrical performance of ≈175 V, ≈5.8 µA, ≈76 µC m−2, and ≈2.02 W m−2, respectively. Furthermore, the durability and mechanical robustness analysis of the HMEH is conducted for several days. The real‐time applications of the HMEH are demonstrated by harvesting the biomechanical energy obtained from daily human activities and powering various portable electronics. Also, the HMEH integrated with an Arduino microcontroller unit is employed as a smart sensor switch for implementing smart home/building stair‐sensing applications and sending emergency e‐mail alerts.

Image Processing in MATLAB Enhancement, Encryption and Decryption

Photography was invented in 1826 by French inventor Joseph Nicéphore Niépce. Since then, it has revolutionized the modern world. From medical evidence in court & drawing images of industrial machines to personal photos for memory, not a single field is left untouched by photography. Nowadays when there is so many photo editing software, not a single one ensures true privacy and provides open-source code to ensure that no data is being collected. In six months of project making, we have developed an Image processing app that not only provides enhancement tools but also displays the power of steganography, a user-friendly environment to encrypt your enhanced images before sending them forward, and a magnificent display of Fourier series epicycles which creates an image using Fourier series, an intuitive way to learn and understand the beauty of mathematics. Mathematics could be called the language of science. Our tool proves why it is said so. And what could be a better platform to make all this other than MATLAB which not only provides numerous libraries but also is a powerful debugging tool that can display all the things happening inside the code. This app is built using the Guide function in MATLAB and has the potential to influence this generation toward data security as well as mathematics. Keyword: Enhancement, Cryptography, Epicycles, and Steganography